Chemical Standard Information
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Physical Constants
| Quantity | Symbol | Traditional Units | SI Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acceleration of gravity | g | 980.6 cm/s | 9.806 m/s |
| Atomic mass unit (1/12th of the mass of 12C atom) | amu | 1.6606 X 10-24 g | 1.6606 X 10 -27 kg |
| Avogadro constant | N a | 6.022 X 10 23 particles/mol | 6.022 X 10 23 particles/mol |
| Boltzmann constant | k | 1.3807 X10 -16 erg/K | 1.3807 X 10 -23 J/K |
| Charge-to-mass ratio of electron | e/m | 1.7588 X 10 8 Coulomb/g | 1.7588 X 10 11 C/kg |
| Electronic charge | e | 1.60219 X 10 -19 Coulomb 4.8033 X 10 -19 esu |
1.60219 X 10 -19 C |
| Faraday constant | F | 96,487 C·eq -1 | 96,487 C·mol -1 |
| Gas constant | R | 1.987 cal/mol. K |
8.3145 kPa dm 3 / mol .K 8.3145 J/ mol.K |
| Molar volume (STP) | V m | 22.710981 L/mol |
22.710981 X 10 -3 m 3 /mol |
| Neutron rest mass | m n | 1.67495 X 10 -24 g 1.008665 u | 1.67495 X 10 - 27 kg |
| Proton rest mass | m p | 1.6726 X 10 -24 g 1.007277 u | 1.6726 X 10 -27 kg |
| Electron rest mass | m e | 9.10952 X 10 -28 g | 9.10952 X 10 - 31 kg |
| Speed of light (in vacuum) | c | 2.9979 X 10 -10 cm/s | 2.9979 X 10 8 m/s |
| Plank constant | h | 6.6262 X 10 -27 ergs | 6.6262 X 10 -34 J.s |
Basic SI Units
| Physical Dimension | Symbol for Quantity | SI Symbol | Name of SI Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Length | l | m | meter |
| Mass | m | kg | kilogram |
| Time | t | s | second |
| Electric current | I | A | ampere |
| Thermodynamic temperature | T | K | Kelvin |
| Amount of substance | n | Mole | mole |
| Luminous intensity | I v | cd | candela |
Prefix used in SI System
| Multiple | Prefix | Symbol |
|---|---|---|
| 10 -15 | Femto | f |
| 10 -12 | Pico | p |
| 10 -9 | Nano | n |
| 10 -6 | Micro | µ |
| 10 -3 | Milli | m |
| 10 -2 | Centi | c |
| 10 -1 | Deci | d |
| 10 | Deca | da |
| 10 2 | Hecta | h |
| 10 3 | Kilo | k |
| 10 6 | Mega | M |
| 10 9 | Giga | G |
| 10 12 | Tera | T |
| 10 15 | Peta | P |
Acid-Base Indicator Selection
| Name | pH range | Color Change |
|---|---|---|
| Thymol Blue | 1.2-2.8 | Red to Yellow |
| Bromophenol Blue | 3.0-4.6 | Yellow to Blue |
| Congo Red | 3.0-5.0 | Blue to Red |
| Bromophenol Blue | 3.0-4.5 | Yellow to Blue |
| Methyl Orange | 3.2-4.2 | Red to Yellow/Orange |
| Bromocresol Green | 3.8-5.4 | Yellow to Blue |
| Methyl Red | 4.2-6.2 | Pink to Yellow |
| Methyl Red Hydrochloride | 4.2-6.2 | Pink to Yellow |
| Rosolic Acid | 5.0-8.0 | Mow to Red |
| Bromocresol Purple | 5.2-6.8 | Yellow to Purple |
| Alizarin | 5.8-7.2 | Yellow to Red |
| Bromothymol Blue | 6.0-7.6 | Yellow to Blue |
| m-Nitrophenol | 6.8-8.6 | Colorless to Yellow |
| Phenol Red | 6.8-8.2 | Yellow to Red |
| Cresol Red | 7.0-8.8 | Yellow to Violet Red |
| Thymol Blue | 8.0-9.2 | Yellow to Blue |
| Phenolphthalein | 8.0-10.0 | 8.0-10.0 |
| Thymolphthalein | 8.8-10.5 | Colorless to Blue |
| Alizarin | 1.0-13.0 | Red to Purple |
| Acid Fuchsin | 12.0-14.0 | Red to Colorless |
Preparation of Standard Solution
| Specific Gravity (20°C) | Molarity (M) | Qualtity required in ml to make 1 liter 1 Molar Solution | Normality (N) | Quantity required in ml to make 1 liter 1 Normal Solution | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glacial Acetic acid | 1.05 | 17.4 | 57.5 | 17.4 | 57.5 | |
| Ammonia 30% | 0.89 | 14.5 | 69 | 14.5 | 69 | |
| Ammonia 25% | 0.91 | 13.4 | 74.6 | 13.4 | 74.6 | |
| Hydrochloric acid 36% | 1.18 | 11.7 | 85.8 | 11.7 | 85.8 | |
| Hydrofluoric acid 40% | 1.13 | 22.6 | 44.2 | 22.6 | 44.2 | |
| Hydrofluoric acid 48% | 1.15 | 28.9 | 34.5 | 28.9 | 34.5 | |
| Nitric acid 70% | 1.42 | 15.8 | 63.3 | 15.8 | 63.3 | |
| Perchloric acid 60% | 1.54 | 9.2 | 108.7 | 9.2 | 108.7 | |
| Perchloric acid 70% | 1.67 | 11.6 | 86.2 | 11.6 | 86.2 | |
| Sulphuric acid 98% | 1.84 | 18 | 53.1 | 36 | 26.2 | |
| Phosphoric acid 85% | 1.7 | 15.2 | 65.8 | 45.6 | 21.9 |